What and How about Purification
To make human spiritual is the goal of Indian culture. To remain spiritual, there is a classical tradition of chanting, rituals and yagyas. The classical tradition and methods of yagya rituals are not fruitful without purification, therefore purification is essential.
Water has a great contribution in completing the process of purification, without water the process of purification is not possible. In the Smritis and scriptures of Indian culture, a specific case is prescribed for the process of purification. According to the scriptures, there are two types of purification, Bahya and Abhyantara ("शुद्धिर्द्विधा") बाह्यः आभ्यन्तरश्च. In the scriptures, the idea of purification is known as "Ashauchanirnaya". Both types of purification are accomplished with water. External purification is done by taking bath, that is why it is said repeatedly in the scriptures "स्नात्वा शुद्धिं समाचरेत्". Similarly, internal purification is also possible with water, that's why it has been said - "त्रिराचम्य शुद्धिर्भवेत्". i.e. Doing Aachman thrice leads to purification.
Hence, worship and religious activities begin with purification and sanctification.
Worship began with the mantra –
"अपवित्रः पवित्रो वा सर्वावस्थां गतोऽपि वा ।
यः स्मरेत् पुण्डरीकाक्षं स बाह्याभ्यन्तरः शुचिः ।।"
After this, internal purification is done by doing Aachman thrice.
As -
केशवाय नमः । माधवाय नमः । गोविन्दाय नमः ।
Some impurities are incidental, whose purification is accomplished according to classical rules and traditional customs. This Asouch is again divided into two parts -
1. Marnaa-asouch
2. Jannaa-asouch
Death (Marnaa) Asouch
After death, relatives of the clan get collective ashouch or sutak. For its purification, different evidences of different Acharyas are found in Smriti Shastra. The time of purification is fixed according to the categorization. But for all classes, it is generally considered to be 10 days.
"दशमे दिवसे तावत् स्नानं ग्रामात् बहिर्भवेत् "
"तस्मात् तत्रैव त्याज्यानि केशश्मश्रुनखादीनि "
i.e., going out of the village on the 10th day after death, mass bathing, sacrificing hair, beard and nails, the process of purification is considered complete. This tradition is also prevalent at present.
* Dev-darshan and worship-recitation, evening worship, etc. are completely prohibited in death. i.e., one should not worship even with the mind.
Janna (birth) Asouch
Even after the birth of a child, there is an asouch or sutak, whose purification is considered on the 10th day.
दशाहं शावमाशौचं सपिण्डेषु विधियते ।
जननेऽप्येवमेव स्थान्निपुणां शुद्धिमिच्छताम् ॥
Worship-recitation care prohibited even in the Janna (birth) Asouch, but the daily rituals of the evening worship can be completed by mental method.
In this way, after deciding the purity and impurity on the basis of classical influences, performing all the religious works leads to the accomplishment of the conceived work.
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